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TODAY IN MILITARY HISTORY
49BC Pompey and his army take ship for Greece from Brindisi, besieged by Caesar
45BC Battle of Munda: Caesar defeats the last Pompeians, in Spain
0    Feast of St Patrick, Patron of Ireland and of Engineers, and that of St. Gertrude of Nivelles, Patron of Cats and Gardeners
180    Commodus becomes sole Roman Emperor (180-193), without having murdered Marcus Aurelius
455    Petronius Maximus becomes Roman Emperor (Mar 17-May 22, 455)
1040    Hardthacanute, King of Denmark, becomes King of England (1040-1042)
1058    Malcolm III Canmore becomes King of Scotland
1229    Excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen liberated Jerusalem from the Saracens
1328    Treaty of Edinburgh: England recognizes Scottish independence
1431    Battle of Arzanello: The Visconti defeat the Florentines
1521    Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Philippines
1526    French King Francis I, released from Spanish captivity, promptly breaks his word, resumes war -- Learn More
1762    First St Partick's Day parade in New York City
1776    British forces evacuate Boston; George Washington orders an extra gill of whiskey to every Irish soldier in the army
1800    HMS 'Queen Charlotte' burns at Livorno, 673 of 829 aboard die
1861    Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
1863    Battle of Kelly's Ford, VA
1864    Naval battle of Jasmond Sound: the Danes defeat the Prussians
1876    Gen Crook raids Cheyenne & Oglala-Sioux Indian camps
1886    Carrollton Massacre, 20 blacks killed in Mississippi
1913    Franklin D. Roosevelt was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy (1913-1921) -- Learn More
1917    Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the throne (1894-1917), murdered 1918
1931    Stalin expelled Lenin's wife Krupskaya from of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the USSR
1932    German police raid Hitler's headquarters
1942    Belzec Concentration Camp opens
1942    MacArthur flies from Mindanao to Australia in a B-17.
1944    Admiralty Is: 1st Cav Div captures Lorengau airfield, Manus
1945    B-29s raid Kobe, c. 15,000 casualties.
1959    the Dalai Lama fled Chinese controlled Tibet for India
1966    US mini-sub locates a missing H-bomb in the Mediterranean off Palomares, Spain
1969    Golda Meir becomes Israeli PM (1969-1974)
1992    Arab terrorists bomb the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aries, 28 die, 300 injured

BORN
1231    Shijo, 87th emperor of Japan (1232-1242)
1473    King James IV of Scotland (1488-1513)
1720    Heinrich Wilhelm von Freytag, German soldier, Imperial Field Marshal, still in the field at 72, d. 1798
1804    James Bridger, mountain man, d. 1881
1828    Patrick Cleburne, Irish-born Confederate Maj. Gen., kia 1863, Battle of Franklin
1832    Walter Quintin Gresham, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1895
1843    Henry Ware Lawton, Volunteer of 1861, later Maj. Gen., highest ranking officer killed in action in the Philippine-American War, 1899 -- Learn More
1916    The Imperial Japanese Naval Air Service
1930    James B Irwin, USAF, astronaut (Apollo 15)
1936    Thomas K Mattingly II, USN, astronaut

DIED
45BC P. Attius Varus & Titus Labienus, Pomepeian generals, kia at Munda, Gnaeus Pompeius, executed
180    Marcus Aurelius, of plague at 58, soldier-philosopher, Emperor (161-180)
461    St Patrick
1040    King Harold I "Harefoot" of England (1035-1040), c. 24.
1058    King Lulach I of Scotland (Aug 15, 1057-Mar 17, 1058), at c. 28
1272    Go-Saga, 51, 88th Emperor of Japan (1242-1246), abdicated
1516    Giuliano de' Medici, Lord of Florence, at 37
1704    Baron Menno van Coehoorn, fortification engineer, at 63
1830    Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, 65, Marshal of France
1845    Adm. Amilcare Paulucci delle Roncole, 72, naval officer, Bourbon Kingdom of Naples, Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, Austrian Empire
1849    King William II of the Netherlands (1840-1849), 56, who had commanded at Waterloo
1864    Luigi Ghilardi, 53, liberal soldier-of-fortune, Garibaldino, Juarista, executed by the French
1891    Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte -- "Plon-Plon", 68, nephew of Napoleon, French politician and soldier (Crimea, Italy)
1933    Charles King, soldier, author, arguably the last Civil War veteran to serve in uniform, died at 88
1957    Pres Ramon Magsaysay of the Philippines (1953-1957), 49, plane crash
1998    Ernst Jünger, 102, German WW I hero (17 wounds, Iron Cross & Pour le merite), novelist ("Storm of Steel"), anti-Nazi nationalist