| 586 | BC | Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II captured Jerusalem, leading to the "Babylonian Captivity" of the Jews |
| 0 | | Feast of Saint Agilulfus of Cologne, Bishop and Martyr |
| 0 | | National Prisoner-of-War/Missing-in-Action Recognition Day |
| 455 | | Eparchius Avitus proclaimed Roman Emperor (July 9, 455-Oct 17, 456), deposed, d. 457 |
| 1553 | | Battle of Sievershausen: Elector Maurice I of Saxony defeats Albert of Brandenburg-Kulmbach |
| 1755 | | British Maj. Gen. Edward Braddock lost the Battle of the Monongahela -- Learn More |
| 1776 | | the Declaration of Independence was read to the people of New York City and Washington's troops, whereupon the citizens pull down George III's statue at Bowling Green to make musket balls |
| 1790 | | 2d Battle of Ruotsinaslami/Svenksund: Russo-Swedish fleets clash (to the 10th) |
| 1807 | | France's Napoleon and Prussia's Frederick William III ended the War of the Fourth Coalition -- Learn More |
| 1816 | | Argentina declares independence from Spain |
| 1846 | | Landing party from USS 'Portsmouth' occupies San Francisco. |
| 1860 | | Moslems commence 3-day massacre of Christians at Damascus |
| 1860 | | The slaveship "Clotide" lands c. 150 kidnapped Africans in Mobile Bay, in defiance of the U.S. band on the importation of slaves |
| 1862 | | CS Brig Gen John Hunt Morgan captures Tompkinsville, Ky |
| 1864 | | Jubal's Raid - Battle of Monocacy, Md: US Maj Gen Lew Wallace conducts a successful delaying action |
| 1864 | | Jubal's Raid - Confederates extort $200,000 from Frederick, Md |
| 1876 | | Black landowner murdered by white supremacists in Hamburg, SC |
| 1915 | | German South West Africa captured by South African troops |
| 1916 | | Cargo submarine 'Deutschland' arrives in US from Germany |
| 1917 | | HM Battleship 'Vanguard' blows up at Scapa Flow, 804 die |
| 1917 | | the Ottoman 665-ton destroyer 'Yadighiar-i-Milet' was sunk in a British air attack -- Learn More (Aircraft vs. Ships |
| 1918 | | Congress establishes the Distinguished Service Cross |
| 1918 | | Henry Ford launches the first of 100 Eagle boats |
| 1926 | | Chang Kai-shek appointed national-revolutionary supreme commander |
| 1926 | | Gen. Sinel de Cordes leads coup in Portugal |
| 1934 | | Reichsfuhrer-SS Himmler takes command of German Concentration Camps |
| 1940 | | Battle of Punta Stilo: indecisive British-Italian fleet action |
| 1940 | | RAF bombs Germany |
| 1941 | | The British break Germany's air-ground ops code used on the Russian Front |
| 1942 | | Toscanini conducts the American premiere of Shostakovich’s "Leningrad Symphony" in New York |
| 1943 | | Italian blockade running sub 'Capellini' reaches Sumatra. |
| 1943 | | US ships shelling Munda beat off c. 100 Japanese aircraft. |
| 1944 | | US secures Saipan: 3,200 US, 27,000 Japanese KIA, & many civilian suicides |
| 1578 | | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary (1619-37) |
| 1625 | | Sarah Rapelje, at Fort Orange (Albany), the first European child born in the New Netherlands, d. c. 1685 -- 7th great grandmother of Humphrey Bogart |
| 1760 | | Peter Francisco may have been born, mysterious, heroic, and heroically-sized Revolutionary War veteran, d. 1831 -- Learn More |
| 1769 | | Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne, schoolmate of Napoleon, diplomat, grafter, scandal monger, d. 1834 -- Learn More |
| 1777 | | Henry Hallam, historian ("View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages"), d. 1859 |
| 1848 | | Robert of Borbone-Parma, last Sovereign Duke of Parma & Piacenza (1857-1859), despoded, d. 1907 in luxurious retirement |
| 1857 | | Grand Duke Frederick II of Baden (1907-18) |
| 1863 | | William Burr Cochran, who rose from private to brigadier general, d. 1931 -- Learn More |
| 1887 | | Samuel Eliot Morison, sailor, naval officer, historian ("Admiral of the Ocean Sea"), d. 1976 |
| 1900 | | The Commonwealth of Australia |
| 1956 | | Tom Hanks, actor ("Saving Private Ryan") |
| 518 | | Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius I Dikoros (491-518), at c. 91, leaving his treasury with 320,000 pounds of gold |
| 1386 | | Duke Leopold III of Austria (1365-1379) and of Styria & Carinthia (1365-1386), Count of Tyrol (1365-1386), 34, kia at Sempach |
| 1500 | | Count Giacomo V Caetani of Sermoneta, poisoned by the Borgias, at 50 |
| 1553 | | Maurice I, Duke (1541-47) and Elector (1547-53) of Saxony, 32, d/w at the Battle of Sievershausen |
| 1572 | | the Martyrs of Gorkum, 15 Catholic priests who refused to renounce their faith, were are hanged at Brielle by Dutch Protestants |
| 1746 | | King Philip V of Spain (1700-1724; 1724-1746), 62 |
| 1797 | | Edmund Burke, Anglo-Irish liberal political philosopher, at 68 |
| 1850 | | Siyyid `Alí Muhammad, The Bab, founder of Ba'hai, executed by firing squad for heresy in Tabriz, Persia, at 31 |
| 1850 | | Zachary Taylor, soldier, President (1849-1850), in the White House at 65 -- Learn More |
| 1870 | | Augustus Baldwin Longstreet, American attorney, humorist, slaveocrat, & secessionist, at 79 -- Learn More |
| 1920 | | Admiral of the Fleet Sir John "Jackie" Fisher, b. 1841 -- Learn More |