India-Pakistan: April 13, 2001

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India has increased its defense spending by 13% to $13.3 billion. The extra money will go into buying modern new weapons. This will include mid-life upgrades for the MiG-21s, Jaguars, Mirage-2000Hs, MiG-29s, and MiG-27s. It also includes purchase of the former Soviet carrier Gorshkov. Much of money will go to build a nuclear triad deterrent including missiles, submarines with cruise missiles, and aircraft with air-launched missiles. --Stephen V Cole